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How An Electric Car Works







We all have been reading and discussing about electric cars and buses and seen how they help in curbing pollution and save the environment. All over the world, the production of electric cars is receiving a good push, and companies are promoting their EV models for the future generation. We all do know how combustion engine car runs on fuel like diesel and petrol. But have you ever wondered how an electric car or bus functions? The general idea what we all have is that they run battery-powered motor which needs to be charged. But there is a lot of mechanism behind it which ultimately makes the EV run on the road.

Here is a little short description for the non-technical people out there who are interested to know how electric cars or other vehicles work. We shall give you an anatomy of the electric car and tell you about its vital components like batteries, electric motor, regenerative brakes, and charging system.

Batteries
The battery is the bloodstream of the car, which gives it the juice to run. In most of the cars is positioned low down in the car and in some models, it runs along the floor. This helps in keeping the gravity of the car’s center low and allows it to negotiate the corners in a better way. The weight of batteries are heavy; that is why the EV weighs heavier than the fossil fuel cars. For instance, the electric Renault Zoe is 1943 kg, which is heavier than petrol engine Ford Fiesta that scales 1620 kg.

The electric cars also have an auxiliary battery for powering up its electric components, which include headlights, lights, infotainment system which works even if the motor battery runs out of power.

The weather has a significant effect on EVs. In cold weather, its range shortens a bit in comparison to warm weather.   

Electric motor
The electric motor is the one responsible for driving the car’s wheel. If two motors are placed with one and are placed on each axle, then the electric car can become a four-wheeled drive vehicle as well. For instance, the Jaguar I-Pace has two electric motors and four-wheel drive, and on the other hand, the Nissan Leaf has only one electric motor, and it is front-wheel drive.

Charging
Most of the battery-powered cars have to be plugged in for recharging either from a standard domestic socket or from a wall-mounted charger for rapid charging. You can see such type of chargers in cities and towns where electric cars are now in use. It is possible in the future that you might not have to plug in the car for charging it. You might have to drive into a plate or space where the batteries will get charged wirelessly just like smartphones. This technology is known as inductive charging. Nissan has been using this technology since 2009.

Control unit
All-electric cars comprise of a control unit which decides how much power the batteries should transmit to the motor. If the controller was like a light switch, which has on and off, it might be impossible to maintain your speed. To help in this, the controller switch feeds power to electric motor thousands of times every second, on the basis of acceleration given to the car and to emulate the feel of driving a normal car.

Regenerative brake
Electric cars generally recover some energy that is lost in braking and sends it back to the battery for increasing your range. In this way, it gives you a sensation of the car slowing down when you release the accelerator. 

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